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cover a device by patent

  • 1 cover a device by patent

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > cover a device by patent

  • 2 cover a device by a patent

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > cover a device by a patent

  • 3 to cover a device by a patent

    Patent terms dictionary > to cover a device by a patent

  • 4 cover

    1) уплата; покрывать; обеспечивать покрытие ( денежное)
    3) относиться к; распространяться на; охватывать (напр. предмет охраны)
    4) средство защиты; защищать
    •
    - cover a device by a patent
    - cover subject matter
    - dust cover
    - patent cover

    Patent terms dictionary > cover

  • 5 охранять устройство патентом

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > охранять устройство патентом

  • 6 защитить устройство патентом

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > защитить устройство патентом

  • 7 защитить устройство патентом

    Русско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > защитить устройство патентом

  • 8 Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1 January 1815 Calverly Hall, Bradford, England
    d. 2 February 1906 Swinton Park, near Bradford, England
    [br]
    English inventor of successful wool-combing and waste-silk spinning machines.
    [br]
    Lister was descended from one of the old Yorkshire families, the Cunliffe Listers of Manningham, and was the fourth son of his father Ellis. After attending a school on Clapham Common, Lister would not go to university; his family hoped he would enter the Church, but instead he started work with the Liverpool merchants Sands, Turner \& Co., who frequently sent him to America. In 1837 his father built for him and his brother a worsted mill at Manningham, where Samuel invented a swivel shuttle and a machine for making fringes on shawls. It was here that he first became aware of the unhealthy occupation of combing wool by hand. Four years later, after seeing the machine that G.E. Donisthorpe was trying to work out, he turned his attention to mechanizing wool-combing. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership after paying him £12,000 for his patent, and developed the Lister-Cartwright "square nip" comber. Until this time, combing machines were little different from Cartwright's original, but Lister was able to improve on this with continuous operation and by 1843 was combing the first fine botany wool that had ever been combed by machinery. In the following year he received an order for fifty machines to comb all qualities of wool. Further combing patents were taken out with Donisthorpe in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 1852, the last two being in Lister's name only. One of the important features of these patents was the provision of a gripping device or "nip" which held the wool fibres at one end while the rest of the tuft was being combed. Lister was soon running nine combing mills. In the 1850s Lister had become involved in disputes with others who held combing patents, such as his associate Isaac Holden and the Frenchman Josué Heilmann. Lister bought up the Heilmann machine patents and afterwards other types until he obtained a complete monopoly of combing machines before the patents expired. His invention stimulated demand for wool by cheapening the product and gave a vital boost to the Australian wool trade. By 1856 he was at the head of a wool-combing business such as had never been seen before, with mills at Manningham, Bradford, Halifax, Keighley and other places in the West Riding, as well as abroad.
    His inventive genius also extended to other fields. In 1848 he patented automatic compressed air brakes for railways, and in 1853 alone he took out twelve patents for various textile machines. He then tried to spin waste silk and made a second commercial career, turning what was called "chassum" and hitherto regarded as refuse into beautiful velvets, silks, plush and other fine materials. Waste silk consisted of cocoon remnants from the reeling process, damaged cocoons and fibres rejected from other processes. There was also wild silk obtained from uncultivated worms. This is what Lister saw in a London warehouse as a mass of knotty, dirty, impure stuff, full of bits of stick and dead mulberry leaves, which he bought for a halfpenny a pound. He spent ten years trying to solve the problems, but after a loss of £250,000 and desertion by his partner his machine caught on in 1865 and brought Lister another fortune. Having failed to comb this waste silk, Lister turned his attention to the idea of "dressing" it and separating the qualities automatically. He patented a machine in 1877 that gave a graduated combing. To weave his new silk, he imported from Spain to Bradford, together with its inventor Jose Reixach, a velvet loom that was still giving trouble. It wove two fabrics face to face, but the problem lay in separating the layers so that the pile remained regular in length. Eventually Lister was inspired by watching a scissors grinder in the street to use small emery wheels to sharpen the cutters that divided the layers of fabric. Lister took out several patents for this loom in his own name in 1868 and 1869, while in 1871 he took out one jointly with Reixach. It is said that he spent £29,000 over an eleven-year period on this loom, but this was more than recouped from the sale of reasonably priced high-quality velvets and plushes once success was achieved. Manningham mills were greatly enlarged to accommodate this new manufacture.
    In later years Lister had an annual profit from his mills of £250,000, much of which was presented to Bradford city in gifts such as Lister Park, the original home of the Listers. He was connected with the Bradford Chamber of Commerce for many years and held the position of President of the Fair Trade League for some time. In 1887 he became High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and in 1891 he was made 1st Baron Masham. He was also Deputy Lieutenant in North and West Riding.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Created 1st Baron Masham 1891.
    Bibliography
    1849, with G.E.Donisthorpe, British patent no. 12,712. 1850, with G.E. Donisthorpe, British patent no. 13,009. 1851, British patent no. 13,532.
    1852, British patent no. 14,135.
    1877, British patent no. 3,600 (combing machine). 1868, British patent no. 470.
    1868, British patent no. 2,386.
    1868, British patent no. 2,429.
    1868, British patent no. 3,669.
    1868, British patent no. 1,549.
    1871, with J.Reixach, British patent no. 1,117. 1905, Lord Masham's Inventions (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    J.Hogg (ed.), c. 1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (biography).
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both cover the technical details of Lister's invention).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

  • 9 Schutz

    m; -es, kein Pl. protection (gegen, vor + Dat against, from); (Geleit) escort; (Obdach, Zuflucht) shelter, refuge; (Obhut) custody; (Deckung) cover; (Erhaltung) preservation, conservation; (Wärmeschutz) insulation; (Sicherung) safeguard; rechtlicher Schutz legal protection; den Schutz des Gesetzes genießen be protected by law; jemandem Schutz gewähren give s.o. protection; Schutz suchen seek protection; vor dem Regen etc.: look for (a) shelter; fig. seek refuge ( vor + Dat from; bei with); sich Schutz suchend an jemanden wenden turn to s.o. for protection; im Schutze des Deiches / der Nacht protected by the dyke / under cover of darkness; jemanden in Schutz nehmen protect s.o.; (eintreten für) come to s.o.’s defen|ce (Am. -se), back s.o. up; da muss ich ihn in Schutz nehmen I have to take his side there; ich will niemanden in Schutz nehmen I don’t want to take sides; sie nimmt i-e Kinder immer in Schutz she won’t let anything be said against her children; zum Schutz gegen Erkältungen etc. to ward off colds etc., to build up one’s resistance against colds etc.; zum Schutz gegen Strahlung to protect ( oder shield) against radiation; diese Medizin bietet Schutz vor (+ Dat) ... protects against...
    * * *
    der Schutz
    protection; cover; shelter; defence; defense; lee; patronage; safeguard
    * * *
    Schụtz [ʃʊts]
    m -es, no pl
    protection ( vor +dat, gegen against, from); (= Zuflucht auch) shelter, refuge ( vor +dat, gegen from); (der Natur, Umwelt etc) protection, conservation; (ESP MIL = Deckung) cover

    Schutz suchend — seeking protection; (nach Obdach) seeking refuge or shelter

    bei jdm Schutz suchen — to look to sb for protection, to seek shelter or refuge with sb

    unter einem Baum Schutz suchen — to shelter under a tree, to take or seek refuge under a tree

    im Schutz(e) der Nacht or Dunkelheit/des Artilleriefeuers — under cover of night or darkness/artillery fire

    jdn/etw als Schutz mitnehmen — to take sb/sth with one for protection

    jdn in Schutz nehmen (fig) — to take sb's part, to stand up for sb

    * * *
    der
    1) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) cover
    2) (the method or equipment used to guard or protect: The walls will act as a defence against flooding.) defence
    3) (the act of protecting or state of being protected: He ran to his mother for protection; This type of lock gives extra protection against burglary.) protection
    4) (something that protects: The trees were a good protection against the wind.) protection
    5) (anything that so protects etc a person etc: He hid behind the screen of bushes; a smokescreen.) screen
    6) (something or someone that protects: A thick steel plate acted as a heat shield.) shield
    * * *
    <-es, -e>
    [ʃʊts]
    m
    1. kein pl (Sicherheit gegen Schaden) protection
    ▪ \Schutz vor etw dat/gegen etw akk protection against/from sth
    \Schutz vor dem Regen suchen to seek shelter from the rain
    irgendwo \Schutz suchen to seek refuge [or shelter] somewhere
    im \Schutz[e] der Dunkelheit under cover of darkness
    zum \Schutz der Augen to protect the eyes
    zum \Schutz gegen [o vor] Ansteckung to protect from [or against] infection, as a safeguard against infection; MIL cover
    unter dem \Schutz des Artilleriefeuers under artillery cover
    2. kein pl (Absicherung) protection
    ▪ der \Schutz von Personen/Sachen [vor jdm/etw] the protection of people/things [against [or from] sb/sth]
    den \Schutz des Gesetzes genießen to enjoy the protection of law
    zu jds \Schutz for sb's own protection
    \Schutz Dritter protection of third parties
    \Schutz geistigen Eigentums protection of intellectual property
    \Schutz eines Patents scope of a patent
    urheberrechtlicher \Schutz copyright protection
    3. kein pl (Beistand) protection
    \Schutz suchend seeking refuge pred
    jdn jds dat \Schutz anvertrauen to entrust sb to sb's care
    sich akk in jds \Schutz begeben to place oneself under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    \Schutz bieten [o gewähren] to offer protection
    jdn um [seinen] \Schutz bitten to ask sb for protection
    jdn [vor jdm/etw] in \Schutz nehmen to defend sb [against sb/sth], to protect sb [from [or against] sb/sth], to stand up for sb [against sb/sth]
    unter jds dat \Schutz stehen to be under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    jdn unter polizeilichen \Schutz stellen to put sb under police protection
    jdm \Schutz zusichern to guarantee sb protection
    4. TECH protector, protecting device; (Panzer) armour [or AM -or]
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    Schutz m; -es, kein pl protection (
    gegen, vor +dat against, from); (Geleit) escort; (Obdach, Zuflucht) shelter, refuge; (Obhut) custody; (Deckung) cover; (Erhaltung) preservation, conservation; (Wärmeschutz) insulation; (Sicherung) safeguard;
    rechtlicher Schutz legal protection;
    den Schutz des Gesetzes genießen be protected by law;
    jemandem Schutz gewähren give sb protection;
    Schutz suchen seek protection; vor dem Regen etc: look for (a) shelter; fig seek refuge (
    vor +dat from;
    bei with);
    sich Schutz suchend an jemanden wenden turn to sb for protection;
    im Schutze des Deiches/der Nacht protected by the dyke/under cover of darkness;
    jemanden in Schutz nehmen protect sb; (eintreten für) come to sb’s defence (US -se), back sb up;
    da muss ich ihn in Schutz nehmen I have to take his side there;
    ich will niemanden in Schutz nehmen I don’t want to take sides;
    sie nimmt i-e Kinder immer in Schutz she won’t let anything be said against her children;
    zum Schutz gegen Erkältungen etc to ward off colds etc, to build up one’s resistance against colds etc;
    zum Schutz gegen Strahlung to protect ( oder shield) against radiation;
    … protects against …
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    m.
    cover n.
    guard n.
    lee n.
    protection n.
    safety n.
    shelter n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Schutz

  • 10 Schütz

    m; -es, kein Pl. protection (gegen, vor + Dat against, from); (Geleit) escort; (Obdach, Zuflucht) shelter, refuge; (Obhut) custody; (Deckung) cover; (Erhaltung) preservation, conservation; (Wärmeschutz) insulation; (Sicherung) safeguard; rechtlicher Schutz legal protection; den Schutz des Gesetzes genießen be protected by law; jemandem Schutz gewähren give s.o. protection; Schutz suchen seek protection; vor dem Regen etc.: look for (a) shelter; fig. seek refuge ( vor + Dat from; bei with); sich Schutz suchend an jemanden wenden turn to s.o. for protection; im Schutze des Deiches / der Nacht protected by the dyke / under cover of darkness; jemanden in Schutz nehmen protect s.o.; (eintreten für) come to s.o.’s defen|ce (Am. -se), back s.o. up; da muss ich ihn in Schutz nehmen I have to take his side there; ich will niemanden in Schutz nehmen I don’t want to take sides; sie nimmt i-e Kinder immer in Schutz she won’t let anything be said against her children; zum Schutz gegen Erkältungen etc. to ward off colds etc., to build up one’s resistance against colds etc.; zum Schutz gegen Strahlung to protect ( oder shield) against radiation; diese Medizin bietet Schutz vor (+ Dat) ... protects against...
    * * *
    der Schutz
    protection; cover; shelter; defence; defense; lee; patronage; safeguard
    * * *
    Schụtz [ʃʊts]
    m -es, no pl
    protection ( vor +dat, gegen against, from); (= Zuflucht auch) shelter, refuge ( vor +dat, gegen from); (der Natur, Umwelt etc) protection, conservation; (ESP MIL = Deckung) cover

    Schutz suchend — seeking protection; (nach Obdach) seeking refuge or shelter

    bei jdm Schutz suchen — to look to sb for protection, to seek shelter or refuge with sb

    unter einem Baum Schutz suchen — to shelter under a tree, to take or seek refuge under a tree

    im Schutz(e) der Nacht or Dunkelheit/des Artilleriefeuers — under cover of night or darkness/artillery fire

    jdn/etw als Schutz mitnehmen — to take sb/sth with one for protection

    jdn in Schutz nehmen (fig) — to take sb's part, to stand up for sb

    * * *
    der
    1) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) cover
    2) (the method or equipment used to guard or protect: The walls will act as a defence against flooding.) defence
    3) (the act of protecting or state of being protected: He ran to his mother for protection; This type of lock gives extra protection against burglary.) protection
    4) (something that protects: The trees were a good protection against the wind.) protection
    5) (anything that so protects etc a person etc: He hid behind the screen of bushes; a smokescreen.) screen
    6) (something or someone that protects: A thick steel plate acted as a heat shield.) shield
    * * *
    <-es, -e>
    [ʃʊts]
    m
    1. kein pl (Sicherheit gegen Schaden) protection
    ▪ \Schutz vor etw dat/gegen etw akk protection against/from sth
    \Schutz vor dem Regen suchen to seek shelter from the rain
    irgendwo \Schutz suchen to seek refuge [or shelter] somewhere
    im \Schutz[e] der Dunkelheit under cover of darkness
    zum \Schutz der Augen to protect the eyes
    zum \Schutz gegen [o vor] Ansteckung to protect from [or against] infection, as a safeguard against infection; MIL cover
    unter dem \Schutz des Artilleriefeuers under artillery cover
    2. kein pl (Absicherung) protection
    ▪ der \Schutz von Personen/Sachen [vor jdm/etw] the protection of people/things [against [or from] sb/sth]
    den \Schutz des Gesetzes genießen to enjoy the protection of law
    zu jds \Schutz for sb's own protection
    \Schutz Dritter protection of third parties
    \Schutz geistigen Eigentums protection of intellectual property
    \Schutz eines Patents scope of a patent
    urheberrechtlicher \Schutz copyright protection
    3. kein pl (Beistand) protection
    \Schutz suchend seeking refuge pred
    jdn jds dat \Schutz anvertrauen to entrust sb to sb's care
    sich akk in jds \Schutz begeben to place oneself under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    \Schutz bieten [o gewähren] to offer protection
    jdn um [seinen] \Schutz bitten to ask sb for protection
    jdn [vor jdm/etw] in \Schutz nehmen to defend sb [against sb/sth], to protect sb [from [or against] sb/sth], to stand up for sb [against sb/sth]
    unter jds dat \Schutz stehen to be under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    jdn unter polizeilichen \Schutz stellen to put sb under police protection
    jdm \Schutz zusichern to guarantee sb protection
    4. TECH protector, protecting device; (Panzer) armour [or AM -or]
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    Schütz n; -es, -e
    1. am Wehr etc: sluice gate
    2. ELEK cutout
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    m.
    cover n.
    guard n.
    lee n.
    protection n.
    safety n.
    shelter n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Schütz

  • 11 schutz

    m; -es, kein Pl. protection (gegen, vor + Dat against, from); (Geleit) escort; (Obdach, Zuflucht) shelter, refuge; (Obhut) custody; (Deckung) cover; (Erhaltung) preservation, conservation; (Wärmeschutz) insulation; (Sicherung) safeguard; rechtlicher Schutz legal protection; den Schutz des Gesetzes genießen be protected by law; jemandem Schutz gewähren give s.o. protection; Schutz suchen seek protection; vor dem Regen etc.: look for (a) shelter; fig. seek refuge ( vor + Dat from; bei with); sich Schutz suchend an jemanden wenden turn to s.o. for protection; im Schutze des Deiches / der Nacht protected by the dyke / under cover of darkness; jemanden in Schutz nehmen protect s.o.; (eintreten für) come to s.o.’s defen|ce (Am. -se), back s.o. up; da muss ich ihn in Schutz nehmen I have to take his side there; ich will niemanden in Schutz nehmen I don’t want to take sides; sie nimmt i-e Kinder immer in Schutz she won’t let anything be said against her children; zum Schutz gegen Erkältungen etc. to ward off colds etc., to build up one’s resistance against colds etc.; zum Schutz gegen Strahlung to protect ( oder shield) against radiation; diese Medizin bietet Schutz vor (+ Dat) ... protects against...
    * * *
    der Schutz
    protection; cover; shelter; defence; defense; lee; patronage; safeguard
    * * *
    Schụtz [ʃʊts]
    m -es, no pl
    protection ( vor +dat, gegen against, from); (= Zuflucht auch) shelter, refuge ( vor +dat, gegen from); (der Natur, Umwelt etc) protection, conservation; (ESP MIL = Deckung) cover

    Schutz suchend — seeking protection; (nach Obdach) seeking refuge or shelter

    bei jdm Schutz suchen — to look to sb for protection, to seek shelter or refuge with sb

    unter einem Baum Schutz suchen — to shelter under a tree, to take or seek refuge under a tree

    im Schutz(e) der Nacht or Dunkelheit/des Artilleriefeuers — under cover of night or darkness/artillery fire

    jdn/etw als Schutz mitnehmen — to take sb/sth with one for protection

    jdn in Schutz nehmen (fig) — to take sb's part, to stand up for sb

    * * *
    der
    1) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) cover
    2) (the method or equipment used to guard or protect: The walls will act as a defence against flooding.) defence
    3) (the act of protecting or state of being protected: He ran to his mother for protection; This type of lock gives extra protection against burglary.) protection
    4) (something that protects: The trees were a good protection against the wind.) protection
    5) (anything that so protects etc a person etc: He hid behind the screen of bushes; a smokescreen.) screen
    6) (something or someone that protects: A thick steel plate acted as a heat shield.) shield
    * * *
    <-es, -e>
    [ʃʊts]
    m
    1. kein pl (Sicherheit gegen Schaden) protection
    ▪ \Schutz vor etw dat/gegen etw akk protection against/from sth
    \Schutz vor dem Regen suchen to seek shelter from the rain
    irgendwo \Schutz suchen to seek refuge [or shelter] somewhere
    im \Schutz[e] der Dunkelheit under cover of darkness
    zum \Schutz der Augen to protect the eyes
    zum \Schutz gegen [o vor] Ansteckung to protect from [or against] infection, as a safeguard against infection; MIL cover
    unter dem \Schutz des Artilleriefeuers under artillery cover
    2. kein pl (Absicherung) protection
    ▪ der \Schutz von Personen/Sachen [vor jdm/etw] the protection of people/things [against [or from] sb/sth]
    den \Schutz des Gesetzes genießen to enjoy the protection of law
    zu jds \Schutz for sb's own protection
    \Schutz Dritter protection of third parties
    \Schutz geistigen Eigentums protection of intellectual property
    \Schutz eines Patents scope of a patent
    urheberrechtlicher \Schutz copyright protection
    3. kein pl (Beistand) protection
    \Schutz suchend seeking refuge pred
    jdn jds dat \Schutz anvertrauen to entrust sb to sb's care
    sich akk in jds \Schutz begeben to place oneself under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    \Schutz bieten [o gewähren] to offer protection
    jdn um [seinen] \Schutz bitten to ask sb for protection
    jdn [vor jdm/etw] in \Schutz nehmen to defend sb [against sb/sth], to protect sb [from [or against] sb/sth], to stand up for sb [against sb/sth]
    unter jds dat \Schutz stehen to be under the protection of sb [or sb's protection]
    jdn unter polizeilichen \Schutz stellen to put sb under police protection
    jdm \Schutz zusichern to guarantee sb protection
    4. TECH protector, protecting device; (Panzer) armour [or AM -or]
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    …schutz m im subst:
    Blickschutz (protective) screen;
    Frostschutz frost protection;
    Impfschutz (protection through) inoculation ( oder vaccination)
    * * *
    der; Schutzes protection (vor + Dat., gegen against); (FeuerSchutz) cover; (Zuflucht) refuge

    im Schutz der Dunkelheit/Nacht — under cover of darkness/night

    unter einem Baum Schutz [vor dem Regen usw.] suchen/finden — seek/find shelter or take refuge [from the rain etc.] under a tree

    jemanden [vor jemandem/gegen etwas] in Schutz nehmen — defend somebody or take somebody's side [against somebody/something]

    * * *
    m.
    cover n.
    guard n.
    lee n.
    protection n.
    safety n.
    shelter n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schutz

  • 12 Budding, Edwin Beard

    [br]
    b. c.1796 Bisley (?), Gloucestershire, England
    d. 1846 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the lawn mower.
    [br]
    Budding was an engineer who described himself as a mechanic on his first patent papers and as a manager in later applications.
    A rotary machine had been developed at Brimscombe Mill in Stroud for cutting the pile on certain clothes and Budding saw the potential of this principle for a machine for cutting grass on lawns. It is not clear whether Budding worked for the Lewis family, who owned the mill, or whether he saw the machines during their manufacture at the Phoenix Foundry. At the age of 35 Budding entered into partnership with John Ferrabee, who had taken out a lease on Thrupp Mill. They reached an agreement in which Ferrabee would pay to obtain letter patent on the mower and would cover all the development costs, after which they would have an equal share in the profits. The agreement also allowed Ferrabee to license the manufacture of the machine and in 1832 he negotiated with the agricultural manufacturer Ransomes, allowing them to manufacture the mower.
    Budding invented a screw-shifting spanner at a time when he might have been working as a mechanic at Thrupp Mill. He later rented a workshop in which he produced Pepperbox pistols. In the late 1830s he moved to Dursley, where he became Manager for Mr G.Lister, who made clothing machinery. Together they patented an improved method of making cylinders for carding engines, but Budding required police protection from those who saw their jobs threatened by the device. He made no fortune from his inventions and died at the age of 50.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.A.Randall, 1965–6 "Some mid-Gloucestershire engineers and inventors", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 38:89–96 (looks at the careers of both Budding and Ferrabee).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Budding, Edwin Beard

  • 13 Harwood, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Horology
    [br]
    b. 1893 Bolton, England
    d. 9 August 1964
    [br]
    English watchmaker, inventor and producer of the first commercial self-winding wrist watch.
    [br]
    John Harwood served an apprenticeship as a watch repairer in Bolton, and after service in the First World War he obtained a post with a firm of jewellers in Douglas, Isle of Man. He became interested in the self-winding wrist watch, not because of the convenience of not having to wind it, but because of its potential to keep the mainspring fully wound and to exclude dust and moisture from the watch movement. His experience at the bench had taught him that these were the most common factors to affect adversely the reliability of watches. Completely unaware of previous work in this area, in 1922 he started experimenting and two years later he had produced a serviceable model for which he was granted a patent in 1924. The watch operated on the pedometer principle, the mainspring being wound by a pivoted weight that oscillated in the watch case as a result of the motion of the arm. The hands of his watch were set by rotating the bezel surrounding the dial, dispensing with the usual winding/hand-setting stem which allowed dust and moisture to enter the watch case. He took the watch to Switzerland, but he was unable to persuade the watchmaking firms to produce it until he had secured independent finance to cover the cost of tooling. The Harwood Self-Winding Watch Company Ltd was set up in 1928 to market the watches, but although several thousand were produced the company became a victim of the slump and closed down in 1932. The first practical self-winding watch also operated on the pedometer principle and is attributed to Abraham-Louis Perrellet (1770). The method was refined by Breguet in France and by Recordon, who patented the device in England, but it proved troublesome and went out of fashion. There was a brief revival of interest in self-winding watches towards the end of the nineteenth century, but they never achieved great popularity until after the Second World War, when they used either self-winding mechanisms similar to that devised by Harwood or weights which rotated in the case.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1957.
    Bibliography
    1 September 1924, Swiss patent no. 106,582.
    Further Reading
    A.Chapuis and E.Jaquet, 1956, The History of the Self-Winding Watch, London (provides general information).
    "How the automatic wrist watch was invented", 1957, Horological Journal 99:612–61 (for specific information).
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Harwood, John

  • 14 umbrella

    1. n зонт, зонтик
    2. n прикрытие, ширма; укрытие
    3. n разг. раскрытый парашют
    4. n авиационное прикрытие
    5. n зоол. колокол
    6. a похожий на зонтик

    umbrella trademark — «зонтичный» товарный знак

    7. a бот. зоол. зонтичный

    umbrella bird — зонтичная птица, головач

    umbrella patent — «зонтичный» патент, широкоохватный патент

    8. a спец. наиболее широкий, всеобъемлющий, всеохватывающий

    umbrella project — всеобъемлющий проект; общий проект

    9. v прикрывать; служить прикрытием
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. covering (noun) attic; case; ceiling; cover; covering; hatch; integument; roofing
    2. parasol (noun) beach umbrella; bumbershoot; parapluie; parasol; protection; shade device; shield; sunshade

    English-Russian base dictionary > umbrella

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